Number conservation

 When we type some letters or words, the computer translates them in numbers as computers can understand only numbers.The value of each digit in a number can be determined using −

• The digit

• The position of the digit in the number

• The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number of digits available in the number system)

 Decimal Number System

The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9.Each position represents a specific power of the base (10). For example, the decimal number 1234 consists of the digit 4 in the units position, 3 in the tens position, 2 in the hundreds position, and 1 in the thousands position. Its value can be written as

(1 x 1000)+ (2 x 100)+ (3 x 10)+ (4 x l)
(1 x 103)+ (2 x 102)+ (3 x 101)+ (4 x l00)
1000 + 200 + 30 + 4
1234

S.No.	Number System and Description
1	Binary Number System Base 2. Digits used : 0, 1
2	Octal Number System Base 8. Digits used : 0 to 7
3	Hexa Decimal Number System Base 16. Digits used: 0 to 9, Letters used : A- F Binary Number System Characteristics of the binary number system are as follows − Uses two digits, 0 and 1 Also called as base 2 number system Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of the base (2). Example 20 Last position in a binary number represents a x power of the base (2). Example 2x where x represents the last position - 1. Example Binary Number: 101012 Calculating Decimal Equivalent − Step Binary Number Decimal Number Step 1 101012 ((1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20))10 Step 2 101012 (16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1)10 Step 3 101012 2110